Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones that are at risk for fracture. According to the IBMS, osteoporosis is diagnosed when bone density is 2.5 or more standard deviations below the mean peak bone mass or if a fragility fracture is present. Age and female gender are risk factors, but the disease also occurs in men.
Osteoporosis develops when bone resorption by osteoclasts exceeds bone formation by osteoblasts over time. It is generally an old age disease that progresses silently until fractures occur. Factors like lack of sufficient estrogen and testosterone, excess cortisol, Vitamin D deficiency, smoking, inactivity, and poor nutrition increase bone loss.
Bone remodeling is dependent on multiple factors, and an imbalance can weaken bone structure. Diseases like hyperthyroidism and hyperparathyroidism also increase bone turn-over. Medications used to treat breast cancer or prostate cancer may contribute. Even extreme dieting or eating disorders can put one at risk due to malnutrition. Genetics plays some role as well.
The gold standard test is a DXA scan to precisely measure bone mineral density, usually at the hip and spine. Blood and urine tests help rule out secondary causes of osteoporosis.
Lifestyle measures are always recommended - adequate calcium and Vitamin D intake, weight-bearing and resistance training exercises, not smoking, limiting alcohol, and fall prevention. These can help strengthen bone and maintain balance.
Several medications may be prescribed, like bisphosphonates (alendronate, risedronate), to inhibit bone resorption. Newer drugs like denosumab target RANKL, involved in activating osteoclasts. Raloxifene is a SERM that maintains bone density. Teriparatide stimulates osteoblasts to build bone.
I highly recommend getting a bone density test if you have risk factors. Nutritional supplements from Hormone Harmony Clinic with our patent-pending blend of vitamins, minerals, and herbal extracts can also boost bone and hormone health. Our endocrinologists provide comprehensive osteoporosis treatment plans tailored to your needs. Call now for a free phone consultation!